如何创建一个RESTful WCF Service

原创地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/p/4044813.html

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（一）web.config文件

要创建REST WCF Service，endpoint binding需要用webHttpBinding，参见《webHttpBinding、basicHttpBinding和wsHttpBinding的区别》。

web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?><configuration>    <system.web>      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />      <authentication mode="None" />    </system.web>    <system.serviceModel>        <behaviors>            <endpointBehaviors>                <behavior name="SandwichServices.CostServiceBehavior">                                        <webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>                </behavior>            </endpointBehaviors>            <serviceBehaviors>              <behavior name="SandwichServices.CostServiceServiceBehavior" >                <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />              </behavior>            </serviceBehaviors>        </behaviors>        <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"            multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />        <services>            <service name="SandwichServices.CostService" behaviorConfiguration="SandwichServices.CostServiceServiceBehavior">                <endpoint address="" behaviorConfiguration="SandwichServices.CostServiceBehavior"                    binding="webHttpBinding" contract="SandwichServices.CostService" />              <endpoint contract="IMetadataExchange" binding="mexHttpBinding" address="mex" />            </service>        </services>    </system.serviceModel></configuration>

在《如何创建一个Ajax-Enabled WCF Service》中的web.config，因为需要AJAX，endpointBehaviors用了<enableWebScript />，但是enableWebScript 和REST需要的UriTemplate是有冲突的，所以这里不再使用。

endpointBehaviors中设置<webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>可以生成WCF Service的Help页面。

HTTP定义了与服务器交互的不同方法，最基本的方法有4种，分别是GET，POST，PUT，DELETE。一个URL地址，它用于描述一个网络上的资源，而HTTP中的GET，POST，PUT，DELETE就对应着对这个资源的查，改，增，删4个操作。GET一般用于获取/查询资源信息，而POST一般用于更新资源信息。

对于PUT和DELETE，需要身份验证信息，所以我们先暂时只允许匿名访问，在web.config中将authentication mode设置为None。

（二）webHttpBinding的XML格式

Employee.cs

using System;using System.Runtime.Serialization;namespace SandwichServices{    [DataContract]    public class Employee    {        PRivate Guid id;        private string name;        private DateTime birthdate;        [DataMember]        public Guid Id        {            get { return id; }            set { id = value; }        }        [DataMember]        public string Name        {            get { return name; }            set { name = value; }        }        [DataMember]        public DateTime Birthdate        {            get { return birthdate; }            set { birthdate = value; }        }    }}

CostService.svc.cs

using System;using System.ServiceModel;using System.ServiceModel.Activation;using System.ServiceModel.Web;namespace SandwichServices{    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "SandwichServices")]    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]    public class CostService    {        // To use HTTP GET, add [WebGet] attribute. (Default ResponseFormat is WebMessageFormat.Json)        // To create an Operation that returns XML,        //     add [WebGet(ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Xml)],        //     and include the following line in the operation body:        //         WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "text/xml";        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "PUT", UriTemplate = "Employees/AddEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public Guid AddEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return Guid.NewGuid();        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "DELETE", UriTemplate = "Employees/DeleteEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public void DeleteEmployee(string id)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Employees/UpdateEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public void UpdateEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Employees/GetEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]        public Employee GetEmployee(string id)        {            return new Employee() { Id = new Guid(id), Name = "Neil Klugman", Birthdate = new DateTime(1930, 1, 1) };        }    }}

（三）webHttpBinding JSON格式

将每个方法的ResponseFormat改为Json

CostService.svc.cs

using System;using System.ServiceModel;using System.ServiceModel.Activation;using System.ServiceModel.Web;namespace SandwichServices{    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "SandwichServices")]    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]    public class CostService    {        // To use HTTP GET, add [WebGet] attribute. (Default ResponseFormat is WebMessageFormat.Json)        // To create an operation that returns XML,        //     add [WebGet(ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Xml)],        //     and include the following line in the operation body:        //         WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "text/xml";        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "PUT", UriTemplate = "Employees/AddEmployee", ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public Guid AddEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return Guid.NewGuid();        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "DELETE", UriTemplate = "Employees/DeleteEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public void DeleteEmployee(string id)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Employees/UpdateEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public void UpdateEmployee(Employee employee)        {            return;        }        [OperationContract]        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Employees/GetEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]        public Employee GetEmployee(string id)        {            return new Employee() { Id = new Guid(id), Name = "Neil Klugman", Birthdate = new DateTime(1930, 1, 1) };        }    }}